Paul makes the case from the scriptures that the covenant people were subject to sin.

Paul demonstrates the advantages and responsibility of the old covenant to Judah.

Paul shows how covenant with God is only through faith in Christ.

Paul demonstrates that there would be no favouritism for the covenant people on the day of judgement.

Paul demonstrates that the knowledge of God's word gave Judah no excuse for unbelief.

Paul appeals to Israel as to the nations, to turn to Yahweh and find their calling in Messiah.